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Abstract : |
Successful surgery starts in the anatomy laboratory. Unfortunately for surgeons, anatomy is not constant and operations are designed for the most common anatomical consideration. Even more, in some regions the laparoscopic anatomy seems to be â€â€differentâ€‌ as in open approach. During the laparoscopic surgery the anatomical landmarks are more important than in open surgery (due to the lack of palpation). We describe the anatomical landmarks of the diaphragm, liver and eso-cardial junction important for different operations such Nissen, Toupet, dor or Heller surgical procedures. Some data from literature are also reviewed., |
