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Abstract : |
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopicsphincterotomy (ES) belong to the most difficult procedures in gastro-intestinal endoscopy. ERCP is relatively safe, however there is the potential for severe life-threatening complications. The most common ERCP-related complications are acute pancreatitis, hemorrhage, acute cholangitis or cholecystitis, perforations and cardiopulmonary complications. This paper presents the most frequent factors of complications, potentially contributing to these adverse events, and possible methods for improying the safety of ERCP., |
