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Abstract : |
In the past decade there has been a dramatic shift from mainframe or `host-centric ' computing to a distributed `client-server ' approach. In the next few years this trend is likely to continue with further shifts towards `network-centric ' computing becoming apparent. All these trends were set in motion by the invention of the mass-reproducible microprocessor by Ted Hoff of Intel some twenty-odd years ago. The present generation of RISC microprocessors are now more than a match for mainframes in terms of cost and performance. The long-foreseen day when collections of RISC microprocessors assembled together as a parallel computer could out perform the vector supercomputers has finally arrived. Such high-performance parallel computers incorporate proprietary interconnection networks allowing low-latency, high bandwidth inter-processor communications. However, for certain types of applications such interconnect optimisation is unnecessary and conventional LAN technology is sufficient. This has led to the realisation that clusters of high-performance workstations can be realistically used for a variety of applications either to replace mainframes, vector supercomputers and parallel computers or to better manage already installed collections of workstations. Whilst it is clear that `cluster computers ' have limitations, many institutions and companies are exploring this option. Software to manage such clusters is at an early stage of development and this report reviews the current state-of-the-art. Cluster computing is a rapidly maturing technology that seems certain to play an important part in the `network-centric ' computing future., |
