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Abstract : |
Livers of 105 dead-in-shell embryos, randomly selected from three local hatcheries of Faisalabad were bacteriological examined. The occurrence of dead-in-shell was recorded to be 9.91 per cent (8.04 to 12.09%) positive liver samples of dead-in-shell embryos. A total of 118 bacterial isolates were obtained from the 87.62 per cent livers of dead-in shell embryos. The relative occurrence of different bacterial species were: Escherichia coli 52.54 per cent, Paratyphoid salmonellae 12.7 per cent, S. gallinarum 11.86 per cent. S. pullorum 5.93 per cent, Streptococcus faecalis 5.93 per cent, Bacillus subtilis 4.2 per cent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3.39 per cent and Proteus mirabilis 3.39 per cent. 28.26 per cent of positive samples yielded mixed growth of two different bacterial species and E. coli was found in all of these combinations. 91.94 per cent of the E. coli isolates were found Congo red positive. The in vitro sensitivity of the isolates to the 11 antibiotics were as: norfloxacin 100 per cent, gentamicin 89 per cent, flumequine 80 per cent, neomycin 68.64 per cent, chloramphenicol 67.80 per cent, streptopenicillin 65 per cent, erythromycin 14.4 per cent and furazolidone 13.5 per cent. Multiple drug resistance was observed among the isolates, particularly against the antibiotics frequently used in poultry., |
